1. The responsibility for packaging goods for international shipment always falls upon the exporter. 
*a. True
b. False

2. Companies rarely develop a strategy for packaging, since they consider it an area that does not have strategic implications. 
a. True
*b. False

3. Air transport is, by nature, more hazardous than ocean transport. 
a. True
*b. False

4. Containers used in air transport are not truly intermodal. 
*a. True
b. False

5. Markings in international air shipments should be handled in much the same way as markings on ocean shipments. 
*a. True
b. False

6. As much as possible, cargo should bear the trade name or the brand names of the shipper. 
a. True
*b. False

7. Some countries regulate primary package sizes by requiring them to be multiples of simple metric units. 
*a. True
b. False

8. For industrial goods, the primary packaging encompasses all the packaging activities aimed at protecting them during shipment. 
a. True
*b. False

9. Intermodal containers sometimes collapse in rough seas. 
*a. True
b. False

10. Surface rust on containers, while not attractive, usually does not affect the cargo carried, although it may be a sign that the container is not very carefully maintained. 
*a. True
b. False

11. Light leakage in a container could indicate a risk of water infiltration. 
*a. True
b. False

12. If goods in a container are not unitized, they are usually sufficiently protected by their regular secondary packaging. 
a. True
*b. False

13. Some shippers use old pallets as spacers (dunnage) to keep cargo from shifting. 
*a. True 
b. False

14. Damage to cargo caused by improper packaging can be offset by insurance. 
a. True
*b. False

15. An advantage of LCL shipping is that the cargo is not handled very frequently while in transit. 
a. True
*b. False

16. A freight consolidator is almost always quite good at packaging a container properly, with proper dunnage and protection, but the owners of other cargo on board the consolidated container may not be as careful, and that represents a hazard. 
*a. True
b. False

17. Containerized cargo is handled more frequently than breakbulk cargo. 
a. True
*b. False
 
18. Softwood used in crates and boxes is obtained from leafy trees such as poplar or oak. 
a. True
*b. False

19. As opposed to crates, boxes are containers made of wood where the sides are an integral part of the structure of the container. 
a. True
*b. False

20. Shipping bags are very good at withstanding numerous manipulations. 
a. True
*b. False

21. For air shipments, the best form of packaging would be tertiary in nature and would include one additional layer of cardboard. 
*a. True
b. False

22. Cargo pallets in international road and rail transportation should be protected on all four corners, banded with nylon or steel straps, and should be shrink-wrapped or stretch-wrapped for protection against rain and ambient humidity. 
*a. True
b. False

23. The complexity of varied regulations regarding shipment of hazardous cargo means the shipper should contract with a specialized freight forwarder or consultant. 
*a. True
b. False

24. To save costs and space, different types of refrigerated goods often are mixed together. 
a. True
*b. False

25. Consumer packages abroad are generally smaller in countries where retail shopping is done frequently. 
*a. True
b. False


1. FCL cargo stands for
~ The correct answer is FCL stands for full-container-load.  
@ The correct answer is FCL stands for full-container-load.  
a. Freight Carried Logistically. 
b. First-Carry List. 
c. Figero Citeria Logistica. 
d. Federal Criteria Lessened. 
*e. Full Container Load. 

2. Cargo, such as trucks, that cannot be containerized because it is too large and wont fit in a traditional container or because it exceeds the maximum weight of a container load is called
~ LCL cargo does not apply in this case, and loose cargo and moderated cargo are terms that are undefined. Breakbulk cargo is unitized in a box or crate which is placed directly into the hold of a ship because it is too large or heavy to be placed in a traditional container. Project cargo necessitates special arrangements for transportation. 
@ LCL cargo does not apply in this case, and loose cargo and moderated cargo are terms that are undefined. Breakbulk cargo is unitized in a box or crate which is placed directly into the hold of a ship because it is too large or heavy to be placed in a traditional container. Project cargo necessitates special arrangements for transportation. 
a. LCL cargo. 
b. loose cargo. 
c. moderated cargo. 
*d. breakbulk cargo. 
e. project cargo. 

3. Proper marking on cargo as it is shipped is important because proper marking
~ All of these protections are important reasons for proper markings. 
@ All of these protections are important reasons for proper markings. 
a. protects the cargo from poor handling. 
b. protects the cargo from theft. 
c. protects the cargo from pilferage. 
*d. all of the answers in this response set are advantages of proper marking. 
e. protects the cargo from unfavorable exposures (rain, sun, heat)

4. Most cargo tends to be shipped by air in its
~ Secondary packaging is the packaging that usually groups several of the consumer goods into one unit, usually a thin cardboard box or a shrink-wrap. This is what the retailer sees and handles before the goods are placed on the shelves. 
@ Secondary packaging is the packaging that usually groups several of the consumer goods into one unit, usually a thin cardboard box or a shrink-wrap. This is what the retailer sees and handles before the goods are placed on the shelves. 
a. primary packaging. 
*b. secondary packaging. 
c. tertiary packaging. 
d. no packaging at all. 
e. retail packaging. 

5. Hazardous cargo shipped by sea is regulated by the
~ The shipment of dangerous goods by sea is regulated by the International Maritime Organization [IMO]. The IATA is the International Air Transport Association and the ICAO is the International Civil Aviation Organization, both of which regulate air transport of dangerous goods. 
@ The shipment of dangerous goods by sea is regulated by the International Maritime Organization [IMO]. The IATA is the International Air Transport Association and the ICAO is the International Civil Aviation Organization, both of which regulate air transport of dangerous goods. 
*a. IMO. 
b. country of the ships flag. 
c. IATA. 
d. ICAO. 
e. Warsaw Convention. 

6. The three functions of correct packaging are
~ A speedy delivery may not be an objective in some shipments. Not all packaging is aimed at consumers, recycling may not be possible nor desirable, and publicizing products while they are in transit may invite theft or pilferage. Impenetrable protection and low costs may be mutually exclusive, and not all shipments use pallets. Correct packaging should protect goods in transit, facilitate proper handling, and fulfill the shippers customer service strategy. 
@ A speedy delivery may not be an objective in some shipments. Not all packaging is aimed at consumers, recycling may not be possible nor desirable, and publicizing products while they are in transit may invite theft or pilferage. Impenetrable protection and low costs may be mutually exclusive, and not all shipments use pallets. Correct packaging should protect goods in transit, facilitate proper handling, and fulfill the shippers customer service strategy. 
a. to reduce costs, speed delivery, and to provide correct instructions. 
b. to provide attractive packaging for consumers, to provide for recycling, and to publicize the product while in transit. 
*c. to protect goods in transit, to facilitate proper handling of goods in transit, and fulfill the shippers customer service strategy. 
d. to provide protection for the goods, to make shipping costs as low as possible, and to maximize pallet utilization. 
e. to provide protection for the goods, increase container fill rates, and prevent theft and piferage while in transit. 


7. Packaging designed to appeal to and be functional for consumers is called
~ Primary packaging is consumer packaging, or what the consumers see when they purchase and handles the product. Secondary packaging is the packaging that usually groups several of the consumer goods into one unit. This is what the retailer sees and handles before the goods are placed on the shelves. Tertiary packaging, or transportation packaging, includes all of the additional protection designed to ensure safe and efficient delivery of the goods in sound condition to their foreign purchaser. Commercial packaging does not exist. 
@ Primary packaging is consumer packaging, or what the consumers see when they purchase and handles the product. Secondary packaging is the packaging that usually groups several of the consumer goods into one unit. This is what the retailer sees and handles before the goods are placed on the shelves. Tertiary packaging, or transportation packaging, includes all of the additional protection designed to ensure safe and efficient delivery of the goods in sound condition to their foreign purchaser. Commercial packaging does not exist. 
*a. primary packaging. 
b. secondary packaging. 
c. tertiary packaging. 
d. commercial packaging. 
e. wholesale packaging. 

8. An intermodal container is designed to withstand the weight of up to how many fully-loaded containers placed on top of it?
~ The correct answer is eight. 
@ The correct answer is eight. 
a. five 
b. six 
c. seven
*d. eight 
e. nine

9. The standardized size of pallets in Europe is
~ The European standardized size of pallets is 80  120 centimeters, which is 31. 5  47. 25 inches, and is different than the most popular pallets in the U. S. which are 36  48 inches. 
@ The European standardized size of pallets is 80  120 centimeters, which is 31. 5  47. 25 inches, and is different than the most popular pallets in the U. S. which are 36  48 inches. 
*a. 80 centimeters by 120 centimeters. 
b. 30 inches by 48 inches. 
c. Identical to the measurements of standardized pallets in the United States. 
d. as diverse as the pallet sizes in the United States. 
e. set by the International Pallet Organization. 

10. Because of the threat to hardwood forests caused by the long-horned beetle,
~ The Asian long-horned beetle attacked hardwood forests in North America, so wood pallets from China are not allowed into the U. S. unless it has been properly protected and marked. 
@ The Asian long-horned beetle attacked hardwood forests in North America, so wood pallets from China are not allowed into the U. S. unless it has been properly protected and marked. 
a. wood pallets cannot be imported into China unless they have been fumigated, heat-treated, or pressure-treated with a pesticide. 
*b. wood pallets from China are not allowed in the United States unless they have been fumigated, heat-treated, or pressure-treated with a pesticide. 
c. wood pallets cannot be used in Europe. 
d. wood pallets are not allowed into India from the United States unless they have been fumigated, heat-treated, or pres-sure-treated with a pesticide. 
e. wood pallets from the United States are not allowed anywhere unless they have been fumigated, heat-treated, or pres-sure-treated with a pesticide. 

11. In conditions of high humidity, paperboard loses up to _____ percent of its strength. 
~ Paperboard loses up to 60 percent of its strength under humid conditions. 
@ Paperboard loses up to 60 percent of its strength under humid conditions. 
a. 20
b. 30
c. 40
d. 50
*e. 60

12. Liberty Insurance Company published a guide to cargo handling in 
~ No one publishes a port guide any longer. Cigna Insurance Company used to publish a guide to the equipment in place in all the ports worldwide, called the Ports of the World. 
@ No one publishes a port guide any longer. Cigna Insurance Company used to publish a guide to the equipment in place in all the ports worldwide, called the Ports of the World. 
a. Ports of the World. 
b. Insurance and Incoterms. 
c. The Infrastructure Guide. 
d. The International Port Directory. 
*e. None of the guides in the set of answers is published any longer

13. The strongest type of shipping crates are 
~ Well-built crates are constructed with three-way corners, which is the strongest possible corner design. All other answers are not applicable. 
@ Well-built crates are constructed with three-way corners, which is the strongest possible corner design. All other answers are not applicable. 
a. built about 3 percent larger than the goods they contain. 
*b. constructed with three-way corners. 
c. reinforced woven polymer fibers such as polyethylene or polypropylene. 
d. made of  fiberboard rather than wood. 
e. built with staples rather than nails. 

14. FIBCs are used for shipping _____ cargo. 
~ Very large bag called a flexible intermediate bulk container (FIBC) are constructed of woven polymer fibers, and are used for transporting granular cargo. 
@ Very large bag called a flexible intermediate bulk container (FIBC) are constructed of woven polymer fibers, and are used for transporting granular cargo. 
a. liquid
b. breakbulk
*c. granular
d. containerized
e. dangerous

15. Characteristic(s) of steel drums is/are
~ Steel drums can withstand abuse. They can be used for wet or dry cargo, have little versatility (the cargo has to be liquid-like, they cannot be stacked that high, and are not made of stainless steel. 
@ Steel drums can withstand abuse. They can be used for wet or dry cargo, have little versatility (the cargo has to be liquid-like, they cannot be stacked that high, and are not made of stainless steel. 
a. they can be used only for liquid cargo. 
b. they are versatile containers. 
*c. they can withstand a good amount of abuse. 
d. they can be stacked as many as nine on top of one another. 
e. they are made up of stainless steel. 
 
16. Characteristic(s) of fiber drums is/are
~ They are more resistant to pilferage than bags, but they cannot be rolled on their sides and they are more sensitive to mechanical damage such as that caused by forklifts or sharp corners. They can be used for dry cargo, but not liquid cargo, and can be containerized or not. 
@ They are more resistant to pilferage than bags, but they cannot be rolled on their sides and they are more sensitive to mechanical damage such as that caused by forklifts or sharp corners. They can be used for dry cargo, but not liquid cargo, and can be containerized or not. 
*a. they are more resistant to pilferage than bags. 
b. they can readily be rolled on their sides. 
c. they are resistant to mechanical damage such as that caused by forklifts or sharp corners. 
d. they are appropriate for liquid cargo. 
e. they carry cargo that is too dense to be containerized. 

17. To protect cargo, markings should 
~ Markings should display net weight and gross weight, and they should list both metric and English units of measurement. 
@ Markings should display net weight and gross weight, and they should list both metric and English units of measurement. 
a. display only the net weight. 
b. display only the gross weight. 
c. only be in metric units. 
d. only be in English units. 
*e. markings should include net and gross weights in metric and English units. 

18. To protect breakbulk or LCL cargo from being lost or shipped to the wrong consignee, it should be clearly marked with
~ It should be marked with the consignees namethe name of the company that will pick it up at the port of the destination. The freight carriers name is not normally relevant, and the products consumer or trademarked name may invite pilferage or theft. There is no way for the shipper to know the BOL number ahead of time, and the SIN does not exist. 
@ It should be marked with the consignees namethe name of the company that will pick it up at the port of the destination. The freight carriers name is not normally relevant, and the products consumer or trademarked name may invite pilferage or theft. There is no way for the shipper to know the BOL number ahead of time, and the SIN does not exist. 
a. the freight carriers name. 
*b. the consignees name. 
c. the products consumer or trademarked name. 
d. the Bill of Lading information. 
e. the Shippers Information Number (SIN) 
 
19. The biggest problem(s) in transportation of air cargo is/are
~ Plane crashes are rare, aircraft do not jettison cargo, and dry air means nothing. Pilferage and theft are the biggest problems for air cargo. 
@ Plane crashes are rare, aircraft do not jettison cargo, and dry air means nothing. Pilferage and theft are the biggest problems for air cargo. 
a. plane crashes. 
b. jettisoning cargo. 
*c. pilferage and theft. 
d. dry air. 
e. turbulences while aloft. 

20. Color-coding to identify a companys shipments
~ Color-coding can be very effective because it provides identity without using consumer names or trademarks which invite theft; however, the colors should be changed on a regular basis. 
@ Color-coding can be very effective because it provides identity without using consumer names or trademarks which invite theft; however, the colors should be changed on a regular basis. 
a. should be avoided. 
b. should be replaced with consumer names or trademarks. 
*c. should be changed on a regular basis. 
d. should be in the shipping companys colors. 
e. should be in the carrier companys colors. 


Type: F
1. About 43 percent of all claims made by shippers to their insurance companies are for ____________________ of goods in transit. 
a. breakage
b. physical damage
c. damage

Type: F
2. Single shipments that are too small to be shipped as a full container are _____________________ by a freight forwarder or a NVOCC with other freight and then shipped in a full container. 
a. consolidated

Type: F
3. In the case of international road and rail transportation, it is always best to unitize the cargo into ____________________ so as to facilitate handling at the point where the goods are loaded and unloaded. 
a. pallets

Type: F
4. When goods needing refrigeration travel by ocean, they usually travel in a refrigerated container, a specialized contained also nicknamed a ____________________. 
a. reefer

Type: F
5. To protect against condensation damage inside a container, the containers interior floor and, ideally, its interior sides should be made of ____________________. 
a. wood

Type: F
6. Blocking materials that keep cargo from shifting are collectively called ____________________. 
a. dunnage

Type: F
7. To keep cargo from shifting, some shippers use inflatable ____________________. 
a. bags

Type: F
8. Boxes and enclosed crates should be lined with a waterproof material such as ____________________. 
a. polyethylene
b. plastic

Type: F
9. Both crates and boxes should always be reinforced with ____________________ strapping and metallic bands. 
a. corner

Type: F
10. The multi-wall shipping bag can hold about ____________________ pounds of material. 
a. 50
b. fifty

Type: F
11. Containers designed for air transport cannot be used in other modes, except for one ____________________-foot container that can be used in cargo planes and trucks. 
a. 20
b. twenty

Type: F
12. For air cargo sensitive to humidity, a possible way to avoid condensation damage is to add small packets of ____________________ material in the box with the goods. 
a. desiccant
b. dessicant
c. desicant

Type: F
13. Placing a truck trailer on a railroad car is called ____________________. 
a. piggy-backing
b. piggy backing

Type: F
14. A possible way to avoid theft while cargo is in transit is to ship exclusively in ____________________-container-loads or truck loads, since the cargo will be hidden from everyone except the exporter or importer. 
a. full

Type: F
15. Most in-transit thefts involve people who are ____________________. 
a. insiders
b. employees